Sustainability Statement Pollution (E2) 04 TRWP EMISSIONS: MICHELIN VS. OTHER PREMIUM TIREMAKERS Stepped up TRWP initiatives and resources Michelin is actively engaged in TRWP issues, with a global action plan comprising both in-house and external initiatives at various levels, from avoiding at source to reducing potential impacts: n Important in-house initiatives led in 2024: l The Group developed SAMPLE, a system that captures, sorts, counts and characterizes emitted particles very close to the tire in use, with unequaled precision and reproducibility. Unveiled at Tire Technology Expo 2024 and now fully operational, the system is sharing its findings both with the scientific community, via the California Air Resource Board (CARB) and the University of California, Riverside, and the global tire industry, in a commitment to deepening our knowledge of TRWPs and attenuating their environmental impact. l BioDLab, a joint laboratory between Michelin and France’s national research institute CNRS created in 2023, pursued its tire rubber degradation and biodegradation research programs, with the goal of understanding this process to reduce its environmental impact. An initial scientific paper(1) has been published, describing how the polymers in TRWPs are degraded over time. n External initiatives undertaken in 2024: l One of the key challenges for the Group is to explore alternatives to potential substances of concern, based on the latest scientific knowledge. This is why Michelin, as a member of the consortium led by the U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association (USTMA) since 2022, is supporting alternative analysis research(2) on a variety of replacements for 6PPD, a substance used in almost every tire formulation that performs the essential function of protecting rubber against reactions with ozone and oxygen. At year-end 2020, a study was published alleging that 6PPDquinone, a 6PPD transformation product, could have an impact on certain fish species under specific conditions in the northwestern United States. No such impacts on aquatic life have been alleged or reported in Europe. While research on this issue is ongoing, Michelin is already diligently working with a variety of tire industry trade associations to develop viable 6PPD replacements. After a preliminary study of sixty candidate replacements, only five were selected for further testing in 2024. A formal summary of results is scheduled for mid-2026 to help select the best 6PPD replacement. Dedicated costs and resources are being shared among the participating tire manufacturers. l Michelin supports the introduction of abrasion threshold legislation that would remove the worse performing tires from the global marketplace. In line with this commitment, the Group is working with other members of the European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers' Association (ETRMA) to help define a standardized TRWP emissions testing method as part of the Euro 7 regulation. In 2024, a variety of passenger car tires were the subject of a cross-testing campaign, whose findings will be used to define acceptable limits in 2025 for implementation as from 2028. (1) “Study of sequential abiotic and biotic degradation of styrene butadiene rubber,” Science of the Total Environment, Volume 926, May 20, 2024, 171928. (2) Conducted by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC). Premium competitors average 95 115 107 131 136 128 MICHELIN Per vehicle Unit: g/1,000km 224 2024 UNIVERSAL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT_MICHELIN
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